The Chess (or Maxwell) Biomes is characterized by the clearly unnatural ground which resembles a checkboard pattern on carpeting. It also has several other features that are completely unique to this Biome such as the presence of Clockwork Bishops, Clockwork Knights and Marble Trees. Marble is used for some of the toughest Armor in the game and the Clockwork enemies provide gears which are useful for a variety of items including the Divining Rod.
Aside from these rather unique resources, the Chess/Maxwell Biome is also the location of the Wooden Thing which is the gateway out of the current world.